Cours de coréen ᚛ Level 2 - Korean for Beginners #1 (Lessons 31 to 60) ᚛ Leçon 32 - Negation in Korean [안] [-지 않다]
Negation in Korean [안] [-지 않다]
There are two ways to express negation in Korean.
Negation with -지 않다
It is possible to express negation in Korean with the form
-지 않다 which is attached to the verb as follows:
[Stem]지 않다
- 먹다 (= to eat) → 먹지 않다 (= not to eat)
- 읽다 (= to read) → 읽지 않다 (= not to read)
- 하다 (= to do) → 하지 않다 (= not to do)
The -지 않다 form is actually a new verb that can be conjugated in all the forms and tenses, as we had seen in the previous lessons.
먹지 않아?
→ Aren't you eating?
이 책을 읽지 않았어요.
→ I haven't read this book.
그거 하지 않을 거야.
→ I won’t do it.
Negation with 안
A second way of expressing negation, which is much more widely used in speech than the -지 않다 form because it is shorter, is by using the word
안 before the verb, as follows:
안 [Verb]
- 먹다 (= to eat) → 안 먹다 (= not to eat)
- 읽다 (= to read) → 안 읽다 (= not to read)
- 하다 (= to do) → 안 하다 (= not to do)
The verb can of course be conjugated as we wish.
안 먹어?
→ Aren't you eating?
이 책을 안 읽었어요.
→ I haven't read this book.
그거 안 할 거야.
→ I won’t do it.
안 and verbs in -하다
General rule
Many verbs ending in -하다 like 공부하다 (= to study), 일하다 (= to work), 청소하다 (= to clean), 요리하다 (= to cook), etc., are somewhat peculiar verbs. Indeed, most of these verbs are in fact a shortcut to express the act of doing something. So, in their long version, we use the object particle 을 / 를.
- 하다 (= to do)
- 청소하다 = 청소를 하다 (= to do cleaning = to clean)
- 요리하다 = 요리를 하다 (= to do cooking = to cook)
When you use the word 안 to express negation, it is necessary to use the long version of verbs in -하다.
청소를 안 해요?
→ Aren't you cleaning up?
(not 안 청소해요?)
요리를 안 했어.
→ I haven't cooked.
(not 안 요리했어.)
Also, as you know, the object particle 을 / 를 is optional in simple cases. So, it can usually be omitted.
일 안 할 거야.
→ I won’t work.
운동 안 했어.
→ I haven’t done exercise.
Exceptions in -하다
Please note that this rule is only valid for verbs that are compositions of a common noun and the verb 하다 to express the concept of performing an action. Verbs like 좋아하다 (= to like), 싫어하다 (= to hate) or adjectives such as 약하다 (= to be weak), 강하다 (= to be strong), 똑똑하다 (= to be smart), 친절하다 (= to be kind) are not action compositions.
안 좋아해.
→ I don't like.
(not 좋아를 안 해. which makes no sense)
안 피곤해.
→ I'm not tired.
(not 피곤을 안 해. which makes no sense)
안 and compound verbs
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Opposite verbs
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Summary table of structure
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Exercises
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Lorsque l’on apprend une langue, les nombres font partie de ces éléments essentiels à connaître pour parler naturellement puisqu’ils sont absolument partout dans notre quotidien. Cependant, en coréen, les nombres peuvent très vite devenir un palier complexe à surmonter. En effet, les nombres fonctionnent d’une manière totalement différente du français.
La formation Les nombres coréens et leurs secrets vous permettra de découvrir avant tout les deux systèmes de nombres coréens. En effet, il existe deux manières de compter en coréen qui s’utilisent dans des contextes différents qu’il faut maîtriser.
Puis, vous pénétrerez dans les secrets de la prononciation coréenne. La langue coréenne possède des mécanismes physiques et linguistiques bien à elle qui peuvent être déroutants pour l’apprenant du coréen. Les nombres coréens sont particulièrement touchés par ces mécanismes, et leur prononciation est souvent très loin de ce que l’on pourrait penser.
Aussi, vous apprendrez à utiliser ce que l’on appelle les classificateurs numériques. Ces classificateurs permettent en réalité d’appliquer les nombres dans la vie de tous les jours. Le coréen a encore là son système bien à lui qu’il n’est pas toujours évident à appréhender.
Le tout sera parcouru de points de culture et d’anecdotes en rapport avec les nombres coréens, qui j’espère sauront éveiller votre curiosité vis-à-vis de la Corée du Sud.
En outre, cette formation est accompagnée de 5 modules d’entraînement infini qui vous permettront de vous exercer autant que vous le souhaitez, sans limitation.
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